xyzmarker WBBA I (1995-2000)

Wisconsin Breeding Bird Atlas (1995-2000)

The first Wisconsin yada yada, yada.  To be written by Carl

Project Purpose

The purpose of the Wisconsin Breeding Bird Atlas is to:

• provide a permanent record of the bird species breeding in the state.
• provide baseline data for monitoring future changes in bird populations.
• assess habitat needs of breeding species and document species diversity.
• document abundance and distribution of rare and endangered species.
• provide comparisons with historical studies.
• complement existing or on-going avian monitoring programs in Wisconsin and in nearby states.
• assist international efforts to preserve neotropical migratory birds.
• help in land use planning by local and state governments.
• assist industry in preparing environmental impact assessments.
• bring together birders in an exciting new cooperative venture!

Data collection for the Wisconsin Breeding Bird Atlas (WBBA) began the spring of 1995 and ended the summer of 2000. The culmination of this project, "Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Wisconsin", is available for purchase from the Wisconsin Society for Ornithology.

wood duck drawing by Thomas SchultzWisconsin Breeding Bird Atlas

Data Management Center
University of Wisconsin-Green Bay
Cofrin Center for Biodiversity
Green Bay, WI 54311
920-465-2545 / davisj@uwgb.edu
The WBBA is a project of the Wisconsin Society for Ornithology.

Contents (links will jump to section)

• Staff
• Project Coordinators
• Atlasers
• Abundence Codes

Staff

• Noel Cutright - Senior Book Editor
• Bettie Harriman - Project Director & Book Editor
• Robert Howe - Data Management Director & Book Editor
• Jennifer Davis - Data Manager
• Jim Frank - Quality Control Chair
• Christine Reel - Treasurer 

Top of page

Project Coordinators

• Region 1 - Bayfield County: Ted Gostomski
• Region 1 - Douglas County: Steve LaValley
• Region 2 - Ashland and Iron Counties: Dick Verch
• Region 3 - Oneida and Vilas Counties: Jim Baughman
• Region 4 - Florence and Forest Counties: Robert Howe
• Region 5 - Marinette and Oconto Counties: Jerry Smith
• Region 6 - Langlade and Lincoln Counties: Lynn Schimmels
• Region 7 - Price, Rusk, Sawyer Counties: Keith Merkel
• Region 8 - Barron, Burnett, Washburn Counties: James Hoefler 
• Region 9 - Pierce, Polk, St. Croix Counties: Joe Hudick
• Region 10 - Chippewa, Dunn, Eau Claire Counties: Janine Polk
• Region 11 - Buffalo, Pepin, Tremealeau Counties: Fred Lesher
• Region 12 - Clark, Jackson, Taylor Counties: Ken Luepke
• Region 13 - Marathon, Portage, Wood Counties: Murray Berner
• Region 14 - Menominee, Shawano, Waupaca Counties: Mark Peterson
• Region 15 - Brown and Kewaunee Counties: Bob Mead
• Region 15 - Door County: Charlotte Lukes
• Region 16 - Manitowoc County: Charles Sontag
• Region 16 - Sheboygan County: Scott Baughman
• Region 17 - Calumet, Outagamie, Winnebago Counties: Tom Ziebell
• Region 18 - Dodge and Fond du Lac Counties: Jeff Baughman
• Region 18 - Washington County: Bob Domagalski
• Region 19 - Green Lake, Marquette, Waushara Counties: Tom Schultz
• Region 20 - Adams, Juneau, Monroe Counties: Eric Epstein
• Region 20 - Adams, Juneau, Monroe Counties: Dennis Kuecherer
• Region 21 - Crawford County: Dennis Kirschbaum
• Region 21 - LaCrosse and Vernon Counties: Bettie Harriman
• Region 21 - Richland County: Barbara Duerksen
• Region 22 - Dane and Sauk Counties: Mark Martin - Sam Robbins, deceased - forrmer coordinator for Region 22.
• Region 23 - Jefferson and Waukesha Counties: Karen Etter Hale
• Region 24 - Milwaukee and Ozaukee Counties: Brian Boldt
• Region 25 - Kenosha and Racine Counties: Jerry DeBoer
• Region 26 - Green, Rock, Walworth Counties: Brad Paulson
• Region 27 - Grant, Iowa, Lafayette Counties: Carol McDaniel

Atlasers

Artis Aasen, DeWayne Aasen, Becky Abel, Lynn Ackley, Ron Ackley, Bob Adams, Sue Adams, Susanne Adams, Sean Agger, Todd Agger, H.C. Ahman, John Ainslie, Gene Albanese, Ellen Allan, Judy Allen, Austin Amato, Dominic Amato, Margaret Amato, *Mark Amato, John Amberg, *Seth Ames, Karen Anderson, Kimberly Anderson, Marcella Anderson, Michael Anderson, Ronald Anderson, Scott Anderson, Susan Anderson, Jane Appleyard, Lynn Armstrong, Brandon Arn, Christopher Arndt, Beth Arthur, H.C. Ashman, Philip Ashman, Thomas Ashman, Tim Astfalk, Ryan Atwater, Harry Auchter, Nancy Auchter, Vern Aune, Vernon Aune.
Mary Babula, Birgit Bach, Andrew Bacon, Bruce Bacon, Jim Bacon, Alex Badzinski, Jeff Bahls, Alicia Bailey, *Douglas Bailey, Dennis Baker, Nancy Balding, Terry Balding, Mike Balko, Paul Ballagh, Chris Balzer, Sylvia Barbarich, Lisa Bardwell, Ken Barmore, Donna Barnes, Barbara Bartelman, Betsy Bartelt, Ellen Barth, Holly Bartholmai, Jack Bartholmai, Beth Bartol, David Bartz, Andy Bass, John Bates, Mike Baudhuin, Douglas Bauer, Jeff Baughman, Jim Baughman, Scott Baughman, Dana Baumann, Ida Baumann, Ty Baumann, Caro Baumgarten, Corissa Beck, David Beck, George Beck, Lorissa Beck, Caroline Beckett, Hariette Behar, Keith Beheler-Amass, Kerry Beheler-Amass, Kenneth Behrens, Dan Belter, Alan Bennett, Keith Bennett, Larry Bennett, Laurel Bennett, Bob Benning, Frank Berdan, Barb Bereza, Matthew Berg, Rebecca Berg, Terry Berg, Mitch Bergeson, Susan Bergmann, Joan Berkopec, Tim Berkopec, Murray Berner, Claudia Berres, Cal Bestor, Steve Betchkal, Linda Bethke, Hawthorne Beyer, Patti Beyer, John Bielefeldt, Oakley Biesany, Rita Bill, Helen Birkemeier, Erinn Birmingham, Janet Bixby, Susan Blackford, Jill Blaedow, Tony Blaedow, Joseph Blanda, Julie Bleser, Barb Blow, Dennis Blow, Roy Blowers, Jean Blum, Paul Boettcher, Dan Bohm, Dolly Bohm, *Brian Boldt, Mindy Boldt, Sarah Boles, John Bolles, Darcy Bomkamp, Marilyn Bontly, Travis Booms, Eric Borchert, Janice Borth, Dave Bouche, Suzanne Bowman, Paul Bowman Jr., Rose Boxnecker, Mary Boyle Anderson, *Ryan Brady, Marian Brager, Don Bragg, David Brasser, Margaret Brasser, David Bratley, Joan Braune, Aaron Brees, Bill Breihan, Corey Breuer, Steve Brick, Dan Bricker, Jean Bricker, Peter Bridge, Sue Bridson, Sue Brisk, Bob Brisson, Michelle Britton, Kay Brockman-Mederas, Robert Brodhagen, Robert Brogan, Kevin Bronson, Bill Brooks, Bernie Brouchoud, Jevra Brown, John Brown, Mary Brown, Pat Brown, Susanne Brown, Kurt Brownell, Paul Bruce, Tom Bruha, Darice Brumm, Brian Bub, Jean Budler, Carolyn Bullock, Patricia Bunting, Kay Burcar, Alice Burkel, Ted Burns, Phil Burnside, Martha Burrett, Robert Bush, Greg Butcher, Lois Butler, Robert Butzer, Tim Byers.

Jay Cablk, Jim Cahow, Dorothy Calewart, Marvin Calewart, Jane Camerini, Diane Cameron, John Campbell, Arlene Cardo, *Paula Cardo, Richard Cardo, Nathan Carlsen, Peggy Carlson, Rosemary Carlson, Mary Carney, Ron Carney, Anita Carpenter, Joe Carpenter, Lynne Carpenter, Quentin Carpenter, Michael Casanova, Jean Casey, David Cederstrom, Prairie Chicken Census, Gary Cholwek, Alan Christensen, Daryl Christensen, Sean Christensen, Cathy Chybowski, Mary Jo Clark, Vivian Clark, Andrew Clausen, Jean Clausen, Juliana Clausen, Robert Clayton, Bill Clemente, Ethan Clotfelter, Christian Cold, Helen Cold, Nancy Collins, Tim Collins, Fr. Ron Colombo, Tim Connolly, Howard Cook, Randy Cook, M. Coombs, Terri Cooper, Heidi Corcoran, Laura Corcoran, Pam Corcoran, Tim Corcoran, Jane Cordero, Al Cornell, Rodney Courtier, Darrel Covell, Bill Cowart, Michael Cramey, Tammie Cramey, Karen Crane, Stuart Crane, Jean Crayton, John Crayton, Scott Critchley, David Crook, Mary Ann Crook, Daniel Cunningham, Noel Cutright, Robert Cyrus.

DNR/BER, *John Dadisman, Sara Dadisman, Greg Dahl, Jim Dahl, Marilyn Dahl, Mathew Dallman, William Damm, Ken Damro, Jens Danielson, Dave Dankert, *Jeff Dankert, Donald Dann, Christopher Danou, Louy Danube, Ted Danube, Karl David, Peter David, Helen Davis, Jennifer Davis, Meagan Davis, Nancy Davlantes, Laura De Grolier, Gerald DeBoer, Jerry DeBoer, Debbie DeCarlo, Milly DeGarmo, Bruce DeLong, Connie Decker, Jessica Decker, Mike Decker, C. Dehnert, Douglas Delling, Dick Denker, Steve Denker, John Denomie, Paul Denowski, Allison Dent, Colleen Dent, Jo Ann Dent, Michelle Dent, Tom Dent, Jacque Derhammer, Nancy Devlantes, Norman Dickman, Cheryl Diehl, Scott Diehl, John Dixon, Lisa Dlutkowski, Pat Dobrinska, Anita Doering, Bill Doering, Paul Dolata, Bob Domagalski, Karen Domagalski, Tom Doolittle, Robert Dorer, Alice Doss, Linda Dosse, Bryce Dreeszen, Paula Dreeszen, Betty Dreis, Robert Dreis, Carolyn Dring, Peter Dring, Pam Dryer, Judy DuChateau, June Duckworth, *Barbara Duerksen, Gary Dunsmoor, Nancy Dutton, William Dutton.

Louise Eberhart, Lyle Eberhart, Gene Eckardt, Ron Eckstein, J. Effland, Dave Egan, Leanne Egelund, Ken Eggler, Ron Eichhorn, Joan Elias, Molly Ellenbrecker, Mike Elling, Ann Elliot, Bob Elliot, Ann Elliott, Bob Elliott, Carol Eloranta, Mary Eloranta, Harold Engel, Hildegarde Engel, Jim Engelhardt, Elward Engle, Pete Engman, Eric Epstein, Tom Erdman, Kathy Erdmann, Julie Erickson Woodcock, Kerry Ervin, Dave Etneier, Karen Etter Hale, Bill Evans, Theresa Evans, Martin Evanson, Lorna Everson, Peggy Everson, Jim Evrard, Pamela Eyden.

Joanne Faber, Tom Faber, John Fadness, Lois Fadness, Dave Fallow, Bill Fannucchi, Genny Fannucchi, Rick Fare, Mike Farrell, Nicole Farrell, David Farris, Kelly Farris-Renner, Donna Feest, Tom Feher, Connie Fehrer, John Feith, Gary Felder, Tim Fenske, Janice Feucht, Dave Feutz, Brick Fevold, Gary Fewless, Millicent Ficken, Robert Ficken, Carol Fiedler, David Fiedler, *Jenny Fiedler, Julie Fields, Joyce Fieldstad, Patrick Finley, Anita Fisher, Bob Fisher, David Fisher, Karen Fisher, Patricia Fisher, Chuck Fitzgibbon, John Fitzpatrick, Bob Flaherty, Jane Flaherty, Sean Flannery, David Flaspohler, Betty Flesch, Leonard Flesch, Pat Fojut, Ira Follen, Hilary Ford, Martin Ford, Anita Foss, Linda Foster, John Fountain, Gordon Foust, Jean Foust, Julie Fox Martin, Brian Francios, Brain Francois, Jim Frank, Toby Franke, Billy Franks, Jean Franks, Hugh Frazer, Pauline Frazer, Jeff Freye, Elaine Friedrick, Lois Fritsch, David Fritz, David Frogner, Kiersten Fuchs, Margot Fuchs, Jan Fuetz, Dean Fuller, Patricia Fuller, Jane Furchgott, Jessica Fusek.

Gene Galavowicz, Bernie Galgoci, Andrew Galvin, Alan Gamache, Eileen Gantner, Mike Gappa, Terry Gardon, Bill Garrett, Sherrie Garrett, Becky Garrison, Sharon Gashill, Sharon Gaskell, John Gaspar, Ruth Gaspar, Chuck Gatling, Ron Gatti, Ilse Gebhard, Pat Gehrke, Charles Geiger, Joanne Geiger, Rose Ellen Geiger, Gerald Geimer, Patty Geis, Greg Geller, Gerald Gerndt, Dorothy Gessert, Marge Gibson, Mary Gillespie, Sandy Gillum, *Brad Gingras, Terry Glanzman, Eleanore Glodoski, Clarence Glotfelty, Karen Glotfelty, Nadine Glotfelty, Joan Glueckert, Kevin Glueckert, Janet Gocht, Joachim Gocht, Karl Goellner, Ruth Goellner, Elizabeth Goeppinger, Bernie Goetz, Dan Goltz, David Goodin, Sue Goodin, Ted Gostomski, Tom Gould, Jennifer Goyette, David Grady, Jennifer Graetz, Ruth Graf, John Graham, Dean Granholm, Joan Grant, Steven Grapentine, Robert Green, Ed Gregerson, Linda Gregerson, Thor Gregerson, Ben Gregg, Judie Gregg, Larry Gregg, *Mary Griesbach, Betty Griese, Rich Griffiths, Mike Grimm, Peter Grimm, Sue Grohusky, Maureen Gross, Dave Grosshuesch, Tim Grunewald, Kim Grveles, Mary Guell, Tom Guell, Becky Gunning, Alice Gutche, Kitty Gute, Ronald Gutschow.

Jean Haack, Cindi Haag, Marty Haavisto, Dave Hackett, Sue Haebig, Ginny Haen, Carol Haessly, Dennis Haessly, Donald Hagar, Helen Hagar, Kevin Hagen, Woody Hagge, Roy Hahn, Jim Hale, Bud Hall, Dorothy Hall, Kent Hall, Lynn Hall, Margaret Hallisy, Elsie Ham, Irvin Hankin, Susan Hankin, Ellen Hansen, Jan Hansen, Katherine Hansen, Kathie Hansen, Dave Hanson, Elinor Hanson, Don Haralson, Karen Haralson, Debbie Harder, Korie Marie Harder, Bettie Harriman, Jim Harris, Brad Harrison, Midge Harter, Doug Hartman, Elizabeth Hartman, Kate Hartman, Lisa Hartman, Brian Hartmann, Jane Hartwig, Kim Hartwig, Don Haseleu, Judy Haseleu, Mary Hatleberg, James Havel, Robert Havel, Wendy Havel, Rita Hawrot, Ron Hayden, Sue Hayden, Sandy Hayes, Jean Hayward, Lisa Hayward, George Headley, Lois Headley, Robert Heagle, Brian Healy, Russ Hefty, John Heiden, Patricia Heiden, Chuck Heikkinen, Chad Heins, Ed Heit, Arlene Heller, Richard Helmick, Richard Henderson, Cindy Henke, Brian Henrickson, Chris Henze, Duwayne Herning, Jim Herrling, Katie Hess, Dorothy Hewitt, Janet Avis Hewitt, John Hickok, Mike Hicks, Richard Higgs, Tod Highsmith, Lara Hill, Tom Hill, William Hilsenhoff, Dawn Hinebaugh, Bonnie Hinton, *Stephanie Hinz, Al Hixson, Elsie Hochstedler, Steven Hoecker, Jim Hoefler, Penny Hoeser, Gloria Hoffman, Jennifer Hoffman, Randy Hoffman, Steve Hoffman, Jill Hoffmann, Laura Hojem, Mark Hojem, Trisha Hojem, Burnett Hojnacki, David Hojnacki, Carol Hoke, Mary Holleback, Craig Hollingsworth, Bill Holmes, Jocelyn Holmes, *Aaron Holschbach, Jim Holschbach, Paul Holschbach, William Holton, Robert Holtz, Allen Holzheuter, Willard Holzheuter, Jim Holzwart, Ken Homolka, Sandy Homolka, Walt Hoplite, Pat Horn, Jodee Hosmanek, Cheryl Hosmer, Hoss Hosmer, Steven Houdek, Chris Houle, Laurie Houle, Michael Houle, Sheri Houtakker, Bob Howard, Maddy Howard, Eric Howe, Robert Howe, Karen Hoyem, Joe Hudick, Mary Hudson, Roy Hudson, Judith Huf, John Huff, Doreen Hugener, Andy Hull, Elaine Hull, Marie Hull, *Ron Hull, Janelle Humphrey, Thomas Hunter.

Harriet Irwin, Tom Isaac, Rebecca Isenring, William Ishmael.

Dan Jackson, Donald Jackson, Joni Jackson, Dawn Jacobs, Gene Jacobs, John Jacobs, Mary Jacobs, Seth Jacobus, Art Jahncke, Ruth Jallings, Becky Jansen, Eugene Jarvis, M. Jaunzems, Mark Jaunzems, James Jefferson, Jim Jefferson, Ann Jensen, John Jensen, Jody Jessup, John Jessup, Ben Johnson, Carol Johnson, David Johnson, Gary Johnson, Gerald Johnson, Jackie Johnson, Karen Johnson, Kathleen Johnson, Marty Johnson, Mike Johnson, Phyllis Johnson, Robbye Johnson, Terry Johnson, Ken Jonas, Larry Jonas, Maggie Jones, Emmet Judziewicz, Chris Jungbluth, Ray Jurgens.

Alex Kailing, Bud Kalupa, Dan Kalupa, Fran Kalupa, Jean Kalupa, Pat Kane, David Karcz, Peppin Karras, Barbara Kaspar, John Kaspar, Esther Kasparek, Betty Kath, Elmer Kath, Dale Katsma, Lisa Kaudy, Dawn Kearns, Kelly Kearns, Kevin Kearns, Bill Kehl, Gary Keith, Jack Keith, Julie Keith, Colleen Kell, Patrick Kell, Patti Kelley, Eric Kelling, Sean Kelly, Greg Kessler, Mary Ketzler, Kathleen Kilcoyne, Nathan Kilger, Darren Kimbler, Penny King, Bill Kinjorski, Janet Kinneberc, Judy Kinney, Julie Kirpitis, Dennis Kirschbaum, Robert Kirsten, Babette Kis, Joseph Kis, Robin Kizaric, Susan Kizaric, Rob Klassy, Harry Klauber, Paul Klawiter, Eugene Klawitter, Barb Klein, Dottie Klepp, Tom Klubertanz, Karl Klug, Lucy Klug, Carol Knabe, Jenny Knickelbine, Jim Knickelbine, Sue Knickelbine, Roy Knispel, Melinda Knutson, Jack Koch, Nina Koch, Nora Koch, Tamara Kochaver, Robert Koehne, Bruce Kohn, Eden Koljord, Nolan Kollath, Beth Komp, Steve Konings, Rich Koningsueld, Paul Kooiker, Kathy Kores, Tom Kores, Adrian Korosec, Paul Kosir, Rick Koziel, Althea Kraft-Fucik, James Kramer, Carol Kranz, Alvin Kratzer, Helen Kratzer, Walter Kratzer, John Krause, Tristan Krause, Leander Krieg, Steve Krings, Carol Kropidlowski, Carol Kroscher, Heidi Krueger, Elizabeth Krug, Ellen Krzyston, Agnes Kubicz, Melodie Kuby, Melody Kuby, David Kuecherer, *Dennis Kuecherer, Martin Kulinski, Susan Kulinski, Virginia Kulinski, Stephen Kupcho, Steve Kurr, Maria Kurtzbein, Cynthia Kvakowski, Jim Kvakowski.

Laverne LaPole, Laura LaValley, Steve LaValley, Lenny Ladenthin, Wayne Lamal, Robert Lammers, Linda Lamp, Terry Lane, Gwen Lang, Jeff Lang, Rose-Marie Lang, Edward Lange, Kenneth Lange, Ken Langenecker, Norbert Langer, Nancy Lannert, Charles Larscheid, Clayton Larscheid, A. Robert Larson, John Larson, Sharon Larson, Keith Lea, Tim Leahy, Harry Leeman, Dorothy Legler, Karl Legler, Linda Leindecker, Sue Lenborg, Roma Lenehan, Dennis Lenzendorf, Cy Lepak, Leslie Leraan, Darlene Lerch, Robert Lerch, Fred Lesher, Jolene Lesher, Kate Lewandowski, Lennie Lichter, Maria Lichter, Ron Lichtie, Hilde Liebherr, Dan Lien, Patrick Lieske, Mike Lietz, Sue Lietz, Aaron Lifschutz, Laura Linares, Kurt Lindeman, Roy Lindeman, Carrie Linder, Michael Lindgren, Bill Link, Emily Link, David Linton, Jeane Liska, Lois List, Tim Lizotte, Eric Lobner, *Michael Lohre, Regina Lohre, Jean Longenecker, Loonwatch, Walt Loope, Tiny Loos, Abby Lorenz, Sharon Lotz, Judith Lovaas, Ed Lowe, Dick Lowery, Margaret Lowery, Janice Luepke, Ken Luepke, Charlotte Lukes, Rita Lukes, Roy Lukes, Judy Lund, Jim Lutes, Lynn Luttig, Toni Lycenmann, Matt Lyman.

Wallace MacBriar Jr., Mike MacDonald, Robin Maerchlein, Ryan Magana, Steve Mahler, Carlton Mahn, Marylee Maida, Sue Maki, Jessica Mandich, Cathie Mann, Barbara Manzo, Sylvia Marek, Gretchen Maring, Carol Maroney, John Marquart, Jim Marrari, Lynn Marsh, David Martin, Larry Martin, Mark Martin, Nichelle Martin, Paul Martin, Sally Martin, Sue Martin, Vic Martin, David Martineau, Kris Martineau, Mary Mastaglio, Sumner Matteson, Tom Matthiae, Colleen Matula, Kathy Mayer, Laverle McAdams, Jennifer McCaffrey, Rosemary McCarthy, W. Marie McClure, James McCoy, Jim McCoy, Tom McCoy, Carol McDaniel, Christine McDaniel, John McDaniel, Mike McDonald, Ruth McDonald, Linda McGovern, Michael McGuire, Barb McIlquham, Carl McIlquham, Bob McInroy, *Jason McKeefry, Pat McKenna, Marty McMahon, *Sam McNeely, Lori McNown, Annelies McVoy, Kirk McVoy, Bob Mead, Chuck Mead, Martha Mealy, Elena Mederas, Lucas Mederas, Oscar Mederas, Jim Meeker, Scott Mehus, Margie Melby, Arthur Melius, Lisa Mendell, Joe Merchak, Keith Merkel, Kristine Merkel, Carol Mertins, Dan Mertins, Earl Meyer, Linda Meyer, Rodger Meyer, Thomas Meyer, Larry Michael, Beth Michaels, Ross Michaels, Judy Mickle, Dave Middleton, LaVonne Middleton, Bruce Mielke, Jan Mielke, Gary Milanowski, Martha Milanowski, Gregg Miller, Lynn Miller, Scott Miller, Todd Miller, Jeri Milliron, Nick Mimier, Dan Minkebige, Paula Minkebige, Terry Minks, Judy Minnike, Alice Miramontes, Gary Mobley, Lynn Mobley, Kathy Moe, Virginia Momper, Nicole Moore, Patti Moore, Stan Moore, Anne Moretti, Pat Moretti, Timothy Morris, Andy Morton, Mike Mossman, Annie Mueller, Carol Mueller, Doris Mueller, Richard Mueller, Ross Mueller, Scott Mueller, William Mueller, Charles Munch, Marilyn Murack, Martin Murphy, Pamela Murphy, Deelila Murray, Rachel Murray, Donna Muschitz, Dave Musolf, Jane Mussey.

John Namm, Sue Namm, Mark Naniot, Sharon Naniot, Jennifer Narang, Kerry Nash, Rita Nash, Nicolet National Forest, Gordon Bubolz Nature Preserve, Mary Nelesen, Alvin Nelson, Eric Nelson, Jim Nelson, Mary Nelson, Mildred Nenneman, Dave Neu, *Jennifer Newbrey, Michael Newbrey, Angela Newhouse, Thomas Nicholls, *Frank Nicoletti, Kate Nicoletti, Chris Niehaus, Amy Niehausen, Louise Nielsen, Neal Niemuth, Dick Nikolai, Brian Nischke, Patricia Niver, Michele Nolen-Karras, Wayne Norris, *Richard Noske, David Nowak, Mariette Nowak, Don Nussbaum, Mark Nussbaum, Teresa Nussbaum.

Tom O Hhafer, Darrin O'Brien, David O'Brien, Lois O'Brien, Dana O'Connor, Mickey O'Connor, John O'Donnell, Terry O'Halloran, Maureen O'Melia, Virginia O'Neil, Janet Oatman, Pete Oberhauser, Sanny Oberhauser, Sylvia Oberle, Larry Ojstrsek, Dan Oles, John Olsen, Carol Olson, Eric Olson, Louise Olson, Rod Olson, *Wendy Oppitz, Sister Verna Osterhout, Atley Oswald, Gwen Ott, John Ott, Lynn Ott, James Otto, Suzanne Otto, Jerry Ourada, Don Overend, Jennetta Overend, Jennifer Overholt, Peter Overholt, June Owens.

Roger Packard, Joseph Palzkill, Joyce Palzkill, Dan Panetti, John Panico, Pat Panlos, Linda Parker, Amber Parry, Heidi Parry, James Parry, Pat Parsons, Stuart Parsons, Andy Paulios, Marilyn Paull, Phil Paull, Brad Paulson, George Paust, Sandra Pearson, Ed Peartree, Sue Pech, Mike Peczynski, Adam Peer, Jim Penny, Diane Penttila, Larry Persico, Rick Pertile, Libbie Pesek, Terri Peters, Kurt Petersen, Ursula Petersen, *Harold Peterson, Mark Peterson, Martha Peterson, Susan Peterson, Jason Petrella, Muffy Petrick, Nick Petterssen, Steve Petzke, Jean Pfantz, Deanna Pflanz, Troy Pflanz, Patrick Pflieger, *Steve Phillips, Vicki Piaskowski, Bryan Pierce, Don Pierce, Marion Pierce, Richard Pierce, Tom Piikkila, David Piper, Deborah Piper, Cindy Plant, Michael Plant, June Platz, Dorothy Plue, Herschel Plue, Janine Polk, Will Pollock, Dan Popkins, Harvey Posvic, Kim Potter, Ray Potter, Charlie Pountain, Rebecca Power, Jessica Premo Etter, Phil Premo Etter, Sue Premo Etter, Kathy Presnell, Steve Princer, Don Pritzl, Jeffrey Pritzl, Norbert Pritzl, Ann Prochowicz, *Brian Pruka, Gerald Prunner, Shawn Przybilski, Helen Pugh, Robert Purnell, Jennifer Purrenhage, Shaun Putz, Debbie Puza.

Ohne Raasch, Elaine Radiker, Robert Radiker, John Radloff, Sarah Radloff, Jim Radtke, Lori Radunzel, Nancy Raffetto, Mary Rasmussen, Mary Rather, Ron Rathmann, Brian Rayala, Heide Raykowski, Jane Raymond-Wood, Audrey Ready, Patrick Ready, Bill Reardon, Mike Reed, Shawn Reed, Kathleen Reese, Jerry Reetz, John Regan, Dick Regnery, Gretchen Regnery, Paul Regnier, Lois Reichert, Marv Reichert, Bill Reiner Jr., Ray Reinholtzen, Rita Reischel, Steve Reischel, *Craig Reiser, Rosalind Renfrew, Cynthia Renk, Brandon Resch, Barbara Resheske, Helen Resop, Dennis Reynolds, Diane Reynolds, Angela Richardson, Carol Richter, Steve Richter, Kharis Riedinger, Larry Riedinger, Jeffrey Rill, Katherine Rill, Russell Rill, Joann Ringelstetter, Ruth Ringelstetter, Mareen Rirk, James Robaidek, Jon Robaidek, Irene Robbins, Sam Robbins, Betty Roberts, Peg Robertson, Patrick Robinson, Peter Rodewald, Marilyn Roehsler, Mary Beth Roen, Mary Roenneburg, Elizabeth Rogers, Joan Rohan, Wayne Rohde, Kay Roherty, Robert Rolley, Barbara Romano, John Romano, Natalio Romero, Betty Rosenbaum, Zelda Rosenbaum, Zelma Rosenbaum, Robert Rosenfield, Arne Ross, Annette Rossmann, David Roszkowski, Amber Roth, Richard Roth, John Roti Roti, Tom Rottler, Phil Rubenzer, Matilda Rudesill, *Norma Rudesill, Carroll Rudy, Martin Rudy, Kelly Rueckheim, Gary Ruhser, *Jean Ruhser, Denis Rupnow, Dave Ruppert, Jana Ryan, Adam Ryba, Sherry Ryther.

Ronny Saeman, Nancy Sagan, Dave Sample, Bob Sander, Frank Sandner, Donald Sands, Laura Sandstrom, Robert Sargent, Jennifer Sauer, Ed Saur, Mary Saur, Thomas Savage, Mark Schaefer, Thomas Schaefer, John Schaeffer, Sally Schaetz, Marty Schaller, Kay Scharpf, James Schei, Steve Scheitwiler, *Lynn Schimmels, Jeff Schimpff, Russ Schipper, Audrey Schlender, David Schmaeng, Stephen Schmaeng, Dave Schmid, Jan Schmidt, A. Schmitz, Roy Schneider, Todd Schneider, Romeyn Schoeninger, Carl Scholz, Joann Schram, Joan Schrinner, Russ Schrinner, Jeff Schuchardt, Carol Schulenberg, Thomas Schultz, Wendy Schultz, Pat Schumacher, Grant Schuth, Sharon Schwab, Glenna Schwalbe, Paul Schwalbe, Carl Schwartz, Jeff Schwarz, Kris Schwebke, Sandy Schwebke, *James Schwiebert, Greg Scott, Jim Seals, George Seeburger, Nancy Seeburger, Meredeth Selden, Meredith Selden, Bob Sem, Greg Septon, Paula Settle, Richard Severin, Susan Shambeau, Ryn Shane-Armstrong, Lincoln Sheets, Richard Shepard, Alan Sherkow, John Shier, Rosalie Shier, Fawn Shillinglaw, John Shillinglaw, Peter Sievert, John Sill, Jim Sime, Erik Sjolander, Helen Sjolander, Peggy Sjolander, Kurt Sjolander Jr., Kurt Sjolander Sr., Dennis Skille, Geri Skille, Jennifer Skoloda, Betty Smith, Brand Smith, Cynthia Smith, Dan Smith, Jerry Smith, Karen Smith, Kevin Smith, Kyle Smith, Sharon Smith, Tom Smith, William Smith, Dale Snider, Eric Snider, Georgia Snider, Lisa Sobczak, Leon Solberg, Matthew Solensky, Jill Solin, Pete Solin, Sarah Sonsthagen, Frank Soul, Sheila Soul, Thomas Soulen, Cathy Spahn, Robert Spahn, Susan Spahn, Edgar Spalding, Roger Spear, Tom Specher, Bob Speich, Elizabeth Spencer, Kaleigh Spickerman, Landis Spickerman, Steven Spickerman, Cynthia Sprecher, Daniel Spuhler, Nona Stamp, Eric Starszak, Roman Statz, Sally Steele, Sarah Steele, Tom Steele, Sue Steffers, Bruce Steger, Wendy Stein, Jim Stephenson, Nona Stephenson, Wenona Stephenson, Katie Steuer, Jen Stewart, Tracy Stewart, Paula Stich, Peter Stirling, Cheryl Stokhaug, Don Stone, William Stout, Barbara Stover, Chris Straight, Michele Strange, Al Stranz, Allan Stranz, Mary Strasser, Inese Strazdins, Jean Strelka, Stan Strelka, Carol Strojny, Andrew Struck, Steven Stubenvoll, Mathew Stuebner, Aaron Stutz, Lee Stutzman, Pat Summerfield, Dorothy Summers, Roger Sundell, Chuck Swagel, Darrin Swagel, Emily Swagel, Kevin Swagel, Pat Swagel, Tony Swagel, Peggy Swam, Peggy Swan, Helen Swanson, Allen Swartz, David Swartz, Jack Swelstad, *Jason Swelstad, Ann Swengel, Scott Swengel, Roger Swenson, Becky Swift, Carol Sykes, Tom Sykes, Gail Syverud, Tom Syverud, Edward Szczepanski, Esther Szczepanski.

Walt Tamminen, Lolita Taylor, Art Techlow III, Ben Teich, Maria Terres, Lowell Tesky, Roger Tess, Daryl Tessen, Susan Theys, Roger Thielen, Steve Thiessen, Carol Thomas, Linda Thomas, Jean Thompsen, Walt Thompsen, Craig Thompson, Kay Thompson, Linda Thompson, Mary Thompson, Molly Thompson, Kevin Thusius, Mary Tiegs, Steve Tiegs, David Tiller, Jim Toft, Becky Tomlinson, Jim Toth, Mare Tracy, Joel Trick, Bob Triebensee, Inez Triebensee, *Daniel Trofka, Kathy Tucker, Vernon Tucker, Gary Turk, Janet Turk, Pat Turnquist, Terry Turnquist, Society of Pinnatus Tympanuchus Cupido, Lucy Tyrrell.

David Uher, Joan Ula, Bill Uminski, Delia Unson, Donna Uting, Tom Uttech.

Ade Van Berkel, Joe Van Berkel, Linda Van Brocklin, Donald Van Duyse, Steve Van Oudenhoven, Laura Van Slyke, Mike Van Stappen, Liz Vander Heyden, Jane Vanderheyden, Jed Varney, Patti Varney, Barbara Vass, Joe Vass, Helen Vater, Louise Venne, Dick Verch, Larry Vitcenda, Reba Vitcenda, Barbara Vogelsang, Bill Vogelsang, Bill Volkert, Terence VonStockhausen, Don Vorpuhl, Dale Voskuil.

Donna Waddell, Georg Wagner, Mary Wagner, Warren Wagner, Brian Wahl, Don Waldrop, Scott Walmer, Ann Walser, Karl Walter, Cathy Walters, *Todd Warren, Terri Watermolen, Radley Watkins, Ruth Wawrzaszek, Scott Weber, Byron Wechter, Rick Weide, Jeanette Weidner, Charles Weise, Jim Weishoff, Jim Weix, Matt Welter, Al Wernecke, Jane Wernecke, Bob Wernerehl, Eve West, Lois Wetzel, Richard Wetzel, Jim White, Lynn White, Steve White Jr., Joel Whitehouse, Becky Whitmore, Mack Whitmore, Mary Ellen Whitty, Virginia Wible, Ann Wick, Jane Wickland, David Wiemiller, Kathy Wigdale, Cliff Wiita, Bay Beach Wildlife Sanctuary, Wendy Wilke, Joan Wilkie, Jim Williams, Joan Williams, Charles Wilson, Gena Wilson, Leslie Wilson, Warren Wilson-Reiner, Karen Winter, Marlyn Winter, Charles Winterwood, Terri Wiskowski, Joe Wlosinski, Lauri Wlosinski, K. Woessner, Ralph Wohlt, Trudi Wojtyla, Jeffrey Wolk, Brian Wood, *Christopher Wood, Levi Wood, Thomas Wood, Betty Wood-Houghton, Mark Woodard, John Woodcock, Julie Woodcock, Winnie Woodmansee, Mike Worland, Jeremy Wrenn, Deahn Donner Wright, John Wright, Barry Wurster, Adrian Wydeven.

Charlotte Yeomans, Geoffrey Yeomans.

Molly Zahn, Norma Zehner, John Zeinert, Charles Zeisser, *Jonathan Zellmer, Erleen Zellner, Tom Zeniecki, Mike Ziebell, Tom Ziebell, Matt Zielinski, Peggy Ziemer, Ed Zillmer, Joanne Zillmer, Gary Zimmer, Elizabeth Zimmerman, Rita Zindorf, Jane Zinkle, Norma Zipboy, Bill Zuch, Darlene Zuch.

* Paid Atlasers

 Financial Contributors

• Bradley Foundation
• Bradley Fund for the Environment
• Consolidated Papers Foundation
• Donald Foundation
• Environmental Systems Research Institute
• Kaytee Avian Foundation
• Madison Community Foundation
• National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
• Society of Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus
• U.S. Bureau of Land Management
• U.S. Forest Service
• University of Wisconsin - Green Bay
• Weyenberg Charitable Foundation
• Windway Foundation
• Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources
• Wisconsin Electric Power Company
• Wisconsin Nature Conservancy
• Zoological Society of Milwaukee County

Species Sponsors

Nick, Carl, this section would look nicer with a dash separating species and sposor. It would also look nicer with mixed cast, but that would be a pain in the butt to retype!

• COMMON LOON INGA and WOODY HAGGE
• PIED-BILLED GREBE JAMES and SUZANNE OTTO
• RED-NECKED GREBE OSHKOSH BIRD CLUB
• AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN BOB and CAROL MEAD
• DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT CARL SCHWARTZ
• LEAST BITTERN DARRIN O'BRIEN
• GREAT BLUE HERON IRWIN EISEN
• GREAT EGRET WISCONSIN AUDUBON COUNCIL
• GREEN HERON JOHN, SUE, JESSICA and JULIE HROBAR
• BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON H. LOWELL HALL
• TURKEY VULTURE ANONYMOUS In Honor of MIKE MOSSMAN and LISA HARTMAN
• CANADA GOOSE MADISON AUDUBON SOCIETY
• TRUMPETER SWAN WINNEBAGO AUDUBON SOCIETY
• WOOD DUCK H. LOWELL HALL
• HOODED MERGANSER H. LOWELL HALL
• RED-BREASTED MERGANSER DORIS and GEORGE REDMOND
• OSPREY CITIZENS NATURAL RESOURCES ASSOCIATION
• BALD EAGLE FERRY BLUFF EAGLE COUNCIL
• NORTHERN HARRIER ANONYMOUS In Memory of ROBERT E TRACY
• SHARP-SHINNED HAWK WE ENERGIES
• COOPERS HAWK WE ENERGIES In Honor of BILL STOUT
• NORTHERN GOSHAWK WE ENERGIES
• RED-SHOULDERED HAWK WE ENERGIES In Honor of NOEL CUTRIGHT
• BROAD-WINGED HAWK WE ENERGIES
• RED-TAILED HAWK HORICON MARSH BIRD CLUB In Memory of DEANNA ADELE HOLLENBERG
• AMERICAN KESTREL H. LOWELL HALL
• MERLIN SETH CUTRIGHT
• PEREGRINE FALCON WE ENERGIES In Honor of GREG SEPTON
• RING-NECKED PHEASANT MRS. SAMUEL C. JOHNSON
• RUFFED GROUSE RUFFED GROUSE SOCIETY, JOHN M KEENER CHAPTER
• HARP-TAILED GROUSE SHARP-TAILED GROUSE SOCIETY
• GREATER PRAIRIE CHICKEN SOCIETY OF TYMPANUCHUS CUPIDO PINNATUS
• WILD TURKEY NATIONAL WILD TURKEY FEDERATION
• VIRGINIA RAIL JAEGER-MELLEROP FAMILY CHARITABLE TRUST
• AMERICAN COOT KARL ANDERSEN
• SANDHILL CRANE INTERNATIONAL CRANE FOUNDATION
• KILLDEER ALEX KAILING
• BLACK-NECKED STILT JACK and HOLLY BARTHOLMAI
• UPLAND SANDPIPER BETTIE HARRIMAN
• AMERICAN WOODCOCK RIVEREDGE BIRD CLUB
• WILSON'S PHALAROPE JAMES FRANK
• BARRED OWL BETTIE HARRIMAN
• SHORT-EARED OWL ALDO LEOPOLD AUDUBON SOCIETY
• WHIP-POOR-WILL WOODS' EDGE FARM
• CHIMNEY SWIFT KAREN and JIM HALE
• RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD MARY and TOM NELESEN
• BELTED KINGFISHER CATHERINE CLEARY
• RED-HEADED WOODPECKER ALEX KAILING
• RED-BELLIED WOODPECKER AMERICAN TRANSMISSION COMPANY
• YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKER AMERICAN TRANSMISSION COMPANY
• DOWNY WOODPECKER AMERICAN TRANSMISSION COMPANY
• HAIRY WOODPECKER AMERICAN TRANSMISSION COMPANY
• BLACK-BACKED WOODPECKER ANONYMOUS In Honor of LEVI WOOD
• NORTHERN FLICKER AMERICAN TRANSMISSION COMPANY
• PILEATED WOODPECKER NOEL CUTRIGHT
• EASTERN PHOEBE MARTHA PETERSON and BERNIE GALGOCI In Memory of FERN A. PETERSON
• LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE BOB TRACY
• PHILADELPHIA VIREO JAMES FRANK
• GRAY JAY MARY DONALD
• BLUE JAY JAMES and SUZANNE OTTO In Memory of RICHARD MICHAEL MYERS
• AMERICAN CROW KAREN ETTER HALE In Memory of DUDLEY W. ETTER
• COMMON RAVEN FRED OTT
• PURPLE MARTIN HELEN J. PUGH
• CLIFF SWALLOW JENNIFER DAVIS
• BARN SWALLOW TIMOTHY LEAHY
• BLACK-CAPPED CHICKADEE CHICKADEE DEPOT
• BOREAL CHICKADEE CHICKADEE DEPOT
• TUFTED TITMOUSE L.E. PHILLIPS FAMILY FOUNDATION
• RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH ANONYMOUS In Honor of SYLVIA MAREK
• WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH DARRIN O'BRIEN In Honor of JULIE CRAVES
• CAROLINA WREN MARY DONALD
• WINTER WREN ROBERT HOWE and AMY WOLF
• SEDGE WREN JAEGER-MELLEROP FAMILY CHARITABLE TRUST
• MARSH WREN ANONYMOUS In Honor of KAREN ETTER HALE
• EASTERN BLUEBIRD BLUEBIRD RESTORATION ASSOCIATION OF WISCONSIN
• VEERY BARBARA STOVER
• HERMIT THRUSH CAROLYN HEIDEMANN
• WOOD THRUSH KEN WOOD
• AMERICAN ROBIN COUNTRY TODAY In Memory of SAM ROBBINS
• GRAY CATBIRD JOHN, SUE, JESSICA and JULIE HROBAR
• NORTHERN MOCKINGBIRD BETTIE HARRIMAN
• BLUE-WINGED WARBLER FAWN SHILLINGLAW
• GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER TOD HIGHSMITH
• NASHVILLE WARBLER SUSANNE MARIE BROWN
• BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER KATE REDMOND
• BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER TOM and MARILYN BONTLY 
• PALM WARBLER JOAN SOMMER
• WORM-EATING WARBLER NOEL CUTRIGHT
• OVENBIRD ANN BARDEEN-HENSHEL
• LOUISIANA WATERTHRUSH NOEL CUTRIGHT
• KENTUCKY WARBLER NOEL CUTRIGHT
• HOODED WARBLER MARY DONALD
• YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT MARY DONALD
• GRASSHOPPER SPARROW JEAN RUHSER In Memory of FRANK J. FREESE and HOWARD F. YOUNG
• SONG SPARROW KEN WOOD
• WHITE-THROATED SPARROW JOHN FEITH
• DARK-EYED JUNCO BOB and CAROL MEAD
• NORTHERN CARDINAL STEVE MAHLER
• ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK WILD BIRD CENTER, APPLETON
• INDIGO BUNTING BARBARA DEMBSKI SCHWARTZ
• DICKCISSEL JOHN SHILLINGLAW
• BOBOLINK ALEX KAILING
• RED-WINGED BLACKBIRD TIMOTHY LEAHY -EASTERN MEADOWLARK BARB STANEK In Honor of ED and LORRIE STANEK
• ORCHARD ORIOLE WILD BIRDS UNLIMITED In Honor of NATE PANETTI
• BALTIMORE ORIOLE STEVE MAHLER
• HOUSE FINCH BETTIE HARRIMAN In Memory of HARRIET STEVENSON
• AMERICAN GOLDFINCH H. LOWELL HALL

Awards

Field observers who submitted the most Field Cards and Casual Forms together:
Bob Domagalski - 168
Jim Baughman - 115
Mike Mossman - 110

Observers with most Field Cards:
Noel Cutright - 1st
Jim Baughman - 2nd
Mike Mossman - 3rd

Observers with Most Casual or other Forms of Data:
Bob Domagalski - 1st
Mike Mossman - 2nd
Harry Auchter - 3rd

Observers with Most Field Cards from the same Quad:
Thomas Schultz - 1st
Karen Etter Hale - 2nd
Jeff Baughman - 3rd

Observers with Most "Other" Forms of Data in Same Quad:
Bernie Brouchard - 1st
Mike Mossman - 2nd
Murray Berner - 3rd

Observers with Most Species:
Chris Wood - 1st
Mike Mossman - 2nd
Brian Boldt - 3rd

Observers with Most Records submitted:
Chris Wood - 1st
Dennis Kuecherer - 2nd
Ron Hull - 3rd

Regional Awards

Region 22-Sam Robbins/Mark Martin
Most Blocks w/Data 247
2nd Most Cards 273
2nd Most Records 10,589
3rd Most Cards/Forms 423

Region 3-Jim Baughman
2nd Most Cards/Forms 438
2nd Most “Other Data” Forms 237
3rd Most Observers 154

Region 23-Karen Etter Hale
2nd Most Blocks w/Data 239
3rd Most Cards 218
3rd Most Records 9,097

Region 7-Keith Merkel
2nd Most Observers 162
Region 15
Bob M

Survey Areas

Each 7.5 minute USGS topographic quadrangle in Wisconsin was divided into six blocks - NW, NE, CW, CE, SW, SE - each of size 5km x 5km (10 sq mi). Within a given block, atlasers recorded each bird species detected, breeding code of the species, observation date, and optionally, habitat code and abundance code. Due to time constraints, it was not possible for atlasers to survey every block within a given quad, thus the centereast (CE) block was designated the Priority Block. In order for the Atlas to be complete, the Priority Block was surveyed for each quad. Additionally, there are 138 quads which contain one or more Specialty Blocks for which habitat information of each species observation was required.

Atlasers completed a new field card for every block they surveyed. The atlaser recorded the year, quad name, and block. A record of field visits was kept containing date of each survey trip, whether the trip was a night survey, number of hours spent in the field each trip, total number of observers on each trip, total number of hours spent traveling to and from field sites, and total mileage. Additionally, atlasers completed casual observation forms to record species in blocks the atlaser was not formally surveying.

Breeding Codes

Observed (O)

Species observed in a block during its breeding season, but no evidence of breeding. Use this code for species not in suitable nesting habitat. This code could apply to vultures or raptors flying over, herons or egrets foraging with no indication of a rookery, or ducks summering on an urban pond.

Possible (X)

Species encountered in suitable nesting habitat during its breeding season, such as a Virginia Rail in a marsh or Scarlet Tanager feeding in an oak woodlot in June. Also use this code for a male singing in a likely nesting area on only one occasion. If heard on a second trip in the same place, it may qualify as Probable (S).

Probable

(M) Multiple singing or territorial birds of a species detected within block on one day. This code is the lowest level of evidence that a species is probably nesting in the block. Seven singing individuals is an appropriate level of abundance. Most species listed as (M) can be upgraded to (S) during a later visit.

(S) Singing male present at same location on at least two occasions 7 or more days apart. This behavior presumes a permanent territory.

(P) Pair observed in suitable nesting habitat during the breeding season. This code is used when it is fairly certain that a mated pair of birds has been observed.

(T) Permanent Territory presumed through defense of breeding territory by fighting or chasing individuals of same species. Because territoriality involves the defense of a fixed area, it is useful to map locations of individuals to determine if they are singing or defending the same general area when surveying the block a week or more later.

(C) Courtship behavior or copulation between a male and female. Courtship behavior includes transfer of food, displays, and grooming between a pair of birds.

(N) This code applies when a bird is observed visiting the same likely nest site repeatedly, but which provides insufficient behavior for upgrading to Confirmed. This is especially useful for cavity nesters or for a shrub-nesting species that flies into the same thicket and disappears on several occasions.

(A) Agitated behavior or anxiety calls from adults usually indicate a nest site or young in the vicinity. This does not include agitation induced by "spishing", predators, or using taped calls.

(B) Nest building by wrens or excavation of cavities by woodpeckers. Wrens may build "dummy" nests before the female selects a nest. Woodpeckers will drill holes for roosting.

Confirmed

(PE) Physiological Evidence of breeding based on bird in the hand. This code is used primarily by bird banders and includes such evidences as a highly vascularized swollen incubation (brood) patch or an egg in the oviduct.

(CN) Bird seen carrying nesting material such as sticks, grass, mud, cobwebs, etc.

(NB) Nest building seen at the actual nest site, excluding wrens and woodpeckers.

(DD) Distraction Displays, defense of unknown nest or young, or injury feigning. Killdeers may give a "broken wing" act, a Cooper's Hawk may dive at you near the nest site, or an Ovenbird may run about with wings fluttering. A good way to differentiate between (A) and (DD) is to remember that when an adult performs a distraction display, it puts its own life in danger.

(UN) Used nest or eggshells found. Unless carefully identified, use this only for unmistakable eggshells and nests that were used during the Atlas period. If identification is unsure, forget it. Do not collect a nest.

(ON) Occupied nest indicated by adult entering or leaving nest site in circumstances indicating an occupied nest, including those in high trees, cliffs, cavities, and chimneys where the contents of the nest and incubating or brooding adult cannot be seen.

(FL) Recently fledged young or downy young. This includes dependent young only. Be cautious of species that range widely soon after fledging. One of the best features to look for is the length of the tail feathers. If shorter than the adults, the young probably originated locally. Young cowbirds begging for food confirm both the cowbird and the host species. Please make a note in the "comments" area of the Field Card when the host species is confirmed on the basis of only cowbird eggs or fledglings.

(FY) Adult bird carrying food for young or feeding recently fledged young. Use this code with caution. Some adults carry food a long distance or may be engaged in courtship feeding. Others such as the Common Grackle or Blue Jay may carry food away to consume it themselves. One of the best signs to look for is the repeated carrying of food in the same direction.

(FS) Adult bird seen carrying fecal sac. Many passerine adults keep their nests clean by carrying membranous, white fecal sacs away from the nest.

(NE) Nest with eggs or eggshells on ground. Nest and eggs must be accurately identified. If a cowbird is found in nest, use (NE) code for both the cowbird and the host species. Be careful not to disturb the vicinity of the nest.

(NY) Nest with young seen or heard. Take care not to cause premature flushing of nestlings from nest. Presence of cowbird young confirms both the cowbird and the host species.

Examples of Breeding Code Use

The following are examples of situations that may be encountered during atlasing to serve as guidelines in assigning breeding codes.

Immature loons, cormorants, gulls, or waterfowl (or cripples) summering on lake without suitable breeding habitat: Species Observed (O).

Common Loon, cormorants, or ducks in adult plumage summering on a lake with suitable breeding habitat, but no display or broods: Possible (X).

Herons or egrets (colonially nesting species) observed in marshes or along waterways away from nesting colony: Observed (O).

Green Heron or bitterns (non-colonial nesting species) observed in appropriate nesting habitat: Possible, Probable, or Confirmed, depending on breeding evidence obtained.

Black-crowned Night-Heron in subadult plumage during early summer: Observed (O).

Woodcock or Common Snipe nuptial flights and Ruffed Grouse heard drumming: Possible (X) if seen or heard only once (after departure of transient birds) Probable (S) if seen or heard 7 or more days apart at that location Probable (C) if courtship and display to female observed.

Shorebirds that normally breed in tundra areas summering in marshes or on a mud flat: Observed (O).
Rails heard in a marsh early in breeding season but not relocated on subsequent visits: Possible (X) because of their elusive nature.

Gulls frequenting dumps, plowed fields, lawns, etc. throughout the summer in unsuitable breeding habitat: Observed (O).

Woodpeckers drumming: Possible (X) if heard in breeding season Probable (S) if heard a week or more apart in same location in breeding season. Note: only Pileated Woodpeckers and Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers can be reliably identified by their drumming sound.

An unmated female bird builds a nest and lays eggs, but no male is ever seen or heard, and the eggs do not hatch: Probable (B). Generally, a nest with eggs would be Confirmed (NE), but in this instance, evidence would force a downgrading.

illdeer doing broken-wing distraction display along roadside but young not seen; Confirmed (DD).
Male and female Scarlet Tanager observed together several times in same area but no nest ever seen: Probable (P).

Male House Wren sings all summer and stuffs nesting boxes with sticks but no evidence of a mate or fledglings: Possible (X).

Song Sparrow seen carrying nesting material: Confirmed (CN).

Wood Thrush seen on nest for an extended period of time but nest too high to see contents: Confirmed (ON).

Lark Sparrow observed once in late May in abandoned field: Possible (X).

Normal winter or typical spring migrants lingering beyond normal departure dates but no breeding evidence observed: Observed (O).

Second year male American Redstart singing abnormal song in hedgerow in early June: Possible (X).

Habitat Codes - PAUL - print out uwgb page, then work the indents in this section.

FOREST (F) Habitats dominated by trees. Trees are at least 20 feet tall, and canopy cover is at least 50%.

Upland (FU) Upland forests on dry or moist sites.

Hardwood (FUH) Upland forests in which hardwood (broadleaf) species comprise at least 95% of the tree cover.

aspen (FUHa) Upland hardwood forests dominated by aspens (poplars) or white (paper) birch.

maple (FUHm) Upland hardwood forests dominated by maples, beech, or yellow birch.

oak (FUHo) Upland hardwood forests dominated by oaks or hickories.

plantation (FUHp) Tracts of planted hardwoods, usually fruit orchards, with greater than 50% tree cover.

Conifer (FUC) Upland forests in which coniferous (needle-leaved) species comprise at least 75% of tree cover.

hemlock (FUCh) Upland coniferous forest dominated by hemlock.

pine (FUCp) Upland coniferous forests dominated by white, red, or jack pine. [FUCp(p) = pine plantation].

spruce-fir (FUCs) Upland coniferous forest dominated by white spruce and/or balsam fir. [FUCs(p) = spruce plantation].

Mixed (FUM) Upland mixed hardwood-coniferous forest with 5-75% conifer component.

hemlock-hardwood (FUMh) Upland mixed forest composed primarily of hemlock and hardwoods.

pine-hardwood (FUMp) Upland mixed forest composed primarily of pines and hardwoods. [FUMp(p) = pine plantation with hardwoods comprising greater than 25% of woody cover.]

spruce-fir-hardwood (FUMs) Upland mixed forest composed primarily of white spruce or balsam fir, and hardwoods. [FUMs(p) = spruce plantation with hardwoods comprising greater than 25% of woody cover].

Lowland (FL) [swamp or bog] forests, on sites that are wet, or permanently or periodically flooded.

Hardwood (FLH) Lowland forests in which hardwood (broadleaf) species comprise at least 95% of the tree cover.

northern (FLHn) Lowland hardwood forests dominated by black ash or red maple, sometimes with yellow birch or alder. These are in the northern part of the state and in isolated sites southward.

southern (FLHs) Lowland hardwood forests dominated by silver maple, cottonwood, willow, swamp white oak, or green ash. These are usually on floodplains in the southern part of the state.

Coniferous (FLC) Lowland forests in which coniferous (needle-leaved) species comprise at least 75% of the tree cover.

cedar (FLCc) Lowland coniferous forest dominated by white cedar, sometimes with hemlock, pines, fir, spruces, or tamarack.

spruce-tamarack (FLCs) Lowland coniferous forest dominated by black spruce or tamarack.

Mixed (FLM) Lowland forests with 5-75% coniferous component.

cedar (FLMc) Lowland mixed forest with the most prevalent conifers being white cedar, hemlock, or pine.

spruce (FLMs) Lowland mixed forest with the most prevalent conifers being black spruce or tamarack.

SHRUB/SAVANNA (S) Habitats dominated by shrubs, saplings, and/or scattered trees. Total woody cover [greater than 3 feet tall] is greater than 25%, but tree cover is less than 50%.

Upland (SU) Shrub/savanna habitats on dry or moist sites.

Hardwood (SUH) Upland shrub/savanna in which hardwood species comprise at least 95% of the woody cover.

cutover/burnover (SUHc) Formerly forested upland sites that have been heavily logged or burned and are now dominated by hardwood shrubs, saplings, or scattered trees.

hedge (SUHh) Upland hedgerows composed of hardwood trees, saplings, or shrubs, located between active or former agricultural fields or other open habitats.

natural (SUHn) Upland shrub/savanna dominated by native rather than exotic plant species. Includes shrubby prairies or barrens, or native savannas with scattered oak trees; these natural habitats may be actively or formerly managed by fire or other methods of brush control. Some of these sites have been invaded by exotic or aggressive native species such as buckthorn, black locust, or leafy spurge, but remain primarily natural. If uncertain whether habitat is natural or not, designate as SUHo (following).

oldfield (SUHo) Upland sites formerly in agriculture or unknown land use, now succeeding to hardwood shrub/savanna, with a substantial component of exotic plant species, especially herbs. Structure may range from sites dominated by dense shrubs, to others with scattered, spreading oaks and no shrubs. If actively grazed, designate as SUHo(g).

plantation (SUHp) Upland sites that have been planted to hardwoods, usually fruit trees or black walnut. Includes apple, cherry, etc. orchards, but not those with greater than 50% tree cover, which are FUHp.

Conifer (SUC) Upland shrub/savanna in which coniferous species comprise at least 75% of the woody cover.

cutover/burnover (SUCc) Formerly forested upland sites that have been heavily logged or burned and are now dominated by coniferous shrubs, saplings, or scattered trees.

hedge (SUCh) Upland hedgerows dominated by coniferous shrubs, saplings, or trees, located between active or former agricultural fields or other open habitats.

natural (SUCn) Upland coniferous shrub/savanna dominated by native rather than exotic plant species. Includes prairies or barrens with scattered pines or red cedars; these natural habitats may be actively or formerly managed by fire or other methods of brush control. Some have been invaded by exotic and aggressive native species such as black locust or leafy spurge but remain primarily natural. If uncertain whether or not habitat is natural, designate as SUCo (following).

oldfield (SUCo) Upland sites formerly in agriculture or unknown land use, now succeeding to coniferous shrubs, saplings, or scattered trees, and with a substantial component of exotic plant species, especially herbs. If actively grazed, designate as SUCo(g).

plantation (SUCp) Upland sites that have been planted to coniferous species, usually pines or spruces. Includes Christmas tree plantations, but not plantations with greater than 50% tree cover, which are either FUCp(p) or FUCs(p).

Mixed (SUM) Upland shrub/savanna in which coniferous species comprise 5-75% of woody cover.

cutover/burnover (SUMc) Formerly forested upland sites that have been heavily logged or burned and are now dominated by mixed hardwood-coniferous shrubs, saplings, or scattered trees.

hedge (SUMh) Upland hedgerows of mixed hardwood and coniferous shrubs, saplings, or trees, located between active or former agricultural fields or other open habitats.

natural (SUMn) Upland mixed shrub/savanna dominated by native rather than exotic plant species. Includes prairies or barrens with many shrubs or scattered hardwoods, pines or red cedars; these natural habitats may be actively or formerly managed by fire or other methods of brush control. Some have been invaded by exotic or aggressive native species such as black locust or leafy spurge, but remain primarily natural. If uncertain whether or not habitat is natural, designate as SUMo (following).

oldfield (SUMo) Upland sites formerly in agriculture or unknown land use, now succeeding to hardwood and coniferous shrubs, saplings, or scattered trees; with a substantial component of exotic plant species, especially herbs. If actively grazed, designate as SUMo(g).

plantation (SUMp) Upland sites that have been planted to coniferous species, usually pines or spruces, but where hardwoods provide greater than 25% of woody cover. Does not include plantations with greater than 50% tree cover, which are either FUMp(p) or FUMs(p).

Lowland (SL) Shrub/savanna habitats on sites that are wet, or permanently or periodically flooded.

Hardwood (SLH) Lowland shrub/savanna in which hardwood species comprise at least 95% of the woody cover.

cutover/burnover (SLHc) Formerly forested lowland sites that have been heavily logged or burned and are now dominated by hardwood shrubs, saplings, or scattered trees.

hedge (SLHh) Lowland hedgerows composed of hardwood trees, saplings, or shrubs, located between active or former agricultural fields or other open habitats.

natural (SLHn) Lowland shrub swamp or "shrub carr", dominated by native species such as sedges, cattails, willows, alder, or dogwoods.

oldfield (SLHo) Lowland sites formerly in agriculture or unknown land use, now succeeding to hardwood shrub/savanna; with a substantial component of exotic plant species, especially herbs. If actively grazed, designate as SLHo(g).

Conifer (SLC) Lowland shrub/savanna in which coniferous species comprise at least 75% of the woody cover.

cutover/burnover (SLCc) Formerly forested lowland sites that have been heavily logged or burned and are now dominated by coniferous shrubs, saplings, or scattered trees.

hedge (SLCh) Lowland hedgerows dominated by coniferous shrubs, saplings, or trees, located between active or former agricultural fields or other open habitats.

natural (SLCn) Lowland, coniferous shrub/savanna dominated by native rather than exotic plant species. Includes bogs with scattered or stunted spruce/tamarack; sometimes with low hardwood "heath" species (e.g., leatherleaf) less than 3 ft tall.

oldfield (SLCo) Lowland sites formerly in agriculture or unknown land use, now succeeding to coniferous shrubs, saplings, or scattered trees; with a substantial component of exotic plant species, especially herbs. If actively grazed, designate as SLCo(g).

Mixed (SLM) Lowland shrub/savanna in which coniferous species comprise 5-75% of woody cover.

cutover/burnover (SLMc) Formerly forested lowland sites that have been heavily logged or burned and are now dominated by mixed hardwood-coniferous shrubs, saplings, or scattered trees.

hedge (SLMh) Lowland hedgerows of mixed hardwood and coniferous shrubs, saplings, or trees located between active or former agricultural fields or other open habitats.

natural (SLMn) Lowland, mixed shrub/savanna dominated by native rather than exotic plant species. Includes bogs with scattered or stunted spruce/tamarack and substantial cover of hardwood shrubs or saplings such as alder, bog birch, or red maple and black ash. If hardwood component is less than 3 ft tall (generally "heath" species such as leatherleaf), consider the habitat coniferous (SLCn) rather than mixed.

oldfield (SLMo) Lowland sites formerly in agriculture or unknown land use, now succeeding to hardwood and coniferous shrubs, saplings, or scattered trees; with a substantial component of exotic plant species, especially herbs. If actively grazed, designate as SLMo(g).

OPEN (O) Open habitats dominated by herbaceous plants, exposed soil, woody vegetation less than 3 feet tall, or open water. Less than 25% woody cover greater than 3 feet tall.

Upland (OU) Open habitats on dry or moist sites.

Agriculture (OUA) Upland agricultural habitats.

alfalfa (OUAa) Hay with greater than 50% legumes (alfalfa, clover, or trefoil) component, and which has or will probably be harvested.

grass or mixed hay (OUAg) Hay with less than 50% legume component, and which has or will probably be harvested.

cultivated (OUAc) Recently plowed or cultivated fields, either planted or

uplanted, in which crops are less than 8 inches tall.

pasture (OUAp) Actively grazed, open habitat.

row crops (OUAr) Corn, soybeans, potatoes, or other row crops, greater than 8 inches tall.

small grains (OUAs) Small grains such as oats, wheat, rye, and barley.

miscellaneaous (OUAx) Includes specialty crops such as vegetables or herbs.

Native (OUN) Open habitats dominated by native rather than exotic plant species. Includes upland prairies and open barrens. If uncertain whether habitat is native or non-native, designate as OUU (following).

Uncropped (OUU) Open habitats with substantial component of exotic species, which have not been, or will probably not be, cropped in the curent year. Includes oldfields with less than 25% woody cover, agricultural set-aside fields dominated by grasses, legumes, or weedy forbs, and grasses planted for wildlife. Uncropped grassy fields can often be distinguished from cropped hayfields by the presence of dead standing stems from the previous year. Hayfields, if they are to be cut, are almost always cut by late June. If uncertain whether a field is to be cropped or not, designate as hay (OUAa or OUAg).
Lowland (OL) Open habitats on sites that are wet, or permanently or periodically flooded.
Agriculture (OLA) Lowland agricultural habitats.
alfalfa (OLAa) Hay with greater than 50% legumes (alfalfa, clover, or trefoil) component, and which has or will probably be harvested.
grass or mixed hay (OLAg) Hay with less than50% legume component, and which has or will probably be harvested.
cultivated (OLAc) Recently plowed or cultivated fields, either planted or uplanted, in which crops are less than 8 inches tall.
pasture (OLAp) Actively grazed, open habitat.
row crops (OLAr) Corn, soybeans, potatoes, or other row crops, greater than 8 inches tall.
small grains (OLAs) Small grains such as oats, wheat, rye, and barley.
miscellaneaous (OLAx) Includes specialty crops such as vegetables or herbs.
Native (OLN) Open habitats with less than 25% exposed, open water, dominated by native rather than exotic plant species. If uncertain whether habitat is native or non-native, designate as OLU (following).
meadow (OLNm) Sedge meadow or prairie.
bog (OLNb) Open bogs, generally in sterile or acidic conditions and often on a floating mat of peat, usually dominated by sphagnum moss, "wiregrass" sedges, or low "heath" species such as leatherleaf; often contain scattered, stunted black spruce or tamarack (les than 25% cover). Found in northern Wisconsin and in isolated sites southward.
Uncropped (OLU) Open habitats with substantial component of exotic species, which have not been, or will probably not be, cropped in the current year; and with less than 25% open water. Includes oldfields with less than 25% woody cover, agricultural set-aside fields dominated by grasses, legumes, or weedy forbs, and grasses planted for wildlife. Uncropped grassy fields can often be distinguished from cropped hayfields, by the presence of dead standing stems from the previous year. Hayfields, if they are to be cut, are almost always cut by late June. If uncertain whether a field is to be cropped or not, designate as hay (OUAa or OUAg).
Water/wetland (OLW) Open habitats with greater than 25% cover of open water (not overhung by vegetation).
marsh (OLWm) Wetlands with greater than 25% cover of emergent plants such as cattail, bulrushes, or sedges (where water greater than 25% cover only), sometimes with exposed mud flats.
lake (OLWl) Bodies of water with less than25% cover of emergent plants; with or without submergent or floating plants such as water lilies or pondweeds. Also, the immediate shores of these lakes.
river or stream (OLWr) Watercourses at least 20 ft wide, with less than 25% cover of emergents, less than 25% cover woody vegetation, and greater than 25% cover open water (not overhung by vegetation). Also, the immediate shores of these watercourses. Species found along smaller streams should be considered in the surrounding habitat type, with "stream" added as a special feature.
URBAN/RURAL (U) Cities, villages, farmsteads, and rural homes.
Urban (UU) Cities with populations over 10,000, including suburbs with smaller populations.
Commercial/industrial (UUC) Sections of cities dominated by shops, shopping centers, warehouses, factories, etc.
Residential (UUR) Sections of cities dominated by single- or multiple-family homes or apartments.
Open Space (UUO) Urban parks, public greenspace, golf courses, railroad rights-of-way, etc. Do not include any tract of a single major habitat type (e.g., upland forest, agriculture, marsh) larger than 20 acres; designate these by their appropriate code, as if they were non-urban. Mowed areas and linear habitats (e.g., isolated, narrow streamside woods or RR rights-of-way) in urban settings are considered "UUO" regardless of size or length.
Miscellaneous urban habitats (UUX) Quarries, major highways and interchanges, etc.
Small Town (US) Villages and small cities with fewer than 10,000 people, and not connected to larger cities.
Commercial/industrial (USC) Sections of small towns dominated by shops, shopping centers, warehouses, factories, feed mills, etc.
Residential (USR) Sections of small towns dominated by single- or multiple-family homes or apartments.
Open Space (USO) Small town parks, public greenspace, golf courses, railroad rights-of-way, etc. Do not include any tract of a single major habitat type (e.g., upland forest, agriculture, marsh) larger than 20 acres; designate these by their appropriate code, as if they were non-urban. Mowed areas and linear habitats (e.g., isolated, narrow streamside woods or RR rights-of-way) in small-town settings are considered "USO" regardless of size.
Miscellaneaous small town habitats (USX) Quarries, major highways or interchanges, etc. within small towns.
Rural (UR) The immediate surroundings of rural homes, shops, farm outbuildings, and their yards.
Commercial/industrial (URC) Factories, industrial parks, feed mills, shops, shopping centers, warehouses, etc. outside of cities and villages.
Residential (URR) Farmsteads and non-farm homes, including outbuildings and yards.
Open Space (URO) Rural parks (mowed), playing fields, golf courses, and other mowed recreational areas.
Miscellaneous rural habitats (URX) Quarries, major highways and interchanges, mines, etc. outside of cites or villages.
SPECIAL FEATURES: These codes may be added in parentheses, after the habitat code, to indicate particular features of the specific occurrence within the surrounding habitat.
(a) artificial structure: Includes active or abandoned human dwellings, bridges, gravel parking areas or roads, artificial nesting-sites, etc. You need not use this category for observations in the "Urban/Rural" habitat category, unless birds seem to be associating with a nest-site. Examples of appropriate uses include: a vulture nest in an abandoned shack surrounded by a low oldfield (SLHo(a)), a nighthawk nest on a flat rooftop (UUC(a)), a Tree Swallow pair at a nest-box on the edge of a lake (OLWl(a)).
(c) cliff/talus: Any exposed rock face or slope. For example, a phoebe nest found on a cliff in a hemlock woods is designated FUCh(c), a Herring Gull observed on a Lake Superior cliff would be OLWl(c), and a Winter Wren observed among tumbled boulders on the forested bluffsides of Devils Lake would be FUMp(c).
(d) dune: Elevated sand dunes with or without vegetation, primarily along the Lake Michigan shore (designated OLWl(d)), but not the immediate shoreline or beach, which are designated simply OLWl.
(e) edge: Woods edge, i.e., found at the very edge of, or less than 30 feet into, a woods. For example, FUHm(e) designates the edge of an upland maple woods.
(g) grazed: Any habitat known to be actively grazed. Not necessary for the "Open pasture" habitat types (OUAp, OLAp). A common example is a pasture with greater than 25% cover of trees or shrubs (e.g., SUMo(g), SLHo(g)).
(i) island: Islands (less than 100 acres in size) in lakes, rivers, or marshes (designated OLWl(i), OLWr(i), OLWm(i)), regardless of the vegetation. Some substrate must be exposed (i.e., do not include "islands" of emergent vegetation). Includes both natural and artificial (e.g., dredge-spoil) islands. Does not include forested islands in forested riverbottoms (in these cases, use simply, e.g., FLHs).
(w) water: Ponds or streams not large enough to be included in the OLW category. For example, a Spotted Sandpiper family found in a small stream in a shrub swamp would be designated SLHn(w); a Northern Waterthrush nest found among tree roots surrounded by standing water in an ash-cedar swamp would be FLMc(w).

 Abundence Codes

Abundance Code represents the number of estimated breeding pairs in a surveyed block:

1. 1 breeding pair
2. 2-10 breeding pairs
3. 11-100 breeding pairs
4. 101-1000 breeding pairs
5. more than 1000 pairs

Abundance was desirable (although optional) for atlasers to record. In order for atlasers to estimate total number of breeding pairs in a given block, they were to determine how much suitable breeding habitat was in the block for a given species and extrapolate from the number of breeding pairs in the surveyed portions of the block.

Abundance code was not necessary for observations with a breeding code of just Observed (O).

Results: Tally Data (PITB to reformat)

Bird Record Tally
Breeding Status Number of Records
Confirmed 70394
Probable 51176
Possible 34271
Observed 5974
Valid 161815
Marked 10274
Total 172089
Card Data Tally
Number of Cards/Forms
Year Casual Field Total
1995 395 663 1058
1996 305 546 851
1997 352 713 1065
1998 306 694 1000
1999 442 748 1190
2000 267 176 443
2067 3540 5607
Atlaser Data Tally
Year Number of Atlasers
1995 814
1996 602
1997 541
1998 513
1999 509
2000 221
1602 Unique Atlasers
237 Total Species in the State *** 226 Species Confirmed Breeding

State Summary Maps - PITB to copy images.

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Award Categories

• Hospitality – recognizes home and business owners that are gracious hosts and stewards of rare bird species.
• Noel J. Cutright Conservation Award - recognizes outstanding contributions to bird conservation in Wisconsin.
• Bronze Passenger Pigeon - presented to individuals who have made outstanding contributions in their local communities or in the state to promote the field of ornithology.
• Silver Passenger Pigeon – presented to members of WSO for distinguished service to the Society.
• Certificate of Appreciation - given to previous recipients of the Silver Passenger Pigeon who continue to provide exceptional service to the WSO.
• Golden Passenger Pigeon – presented to individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the field of ornithology.
• Samuel D. Robbins Lifetime Achievement – honors people who actively contribute to the Wisconsin Society for Ornithology above and beyond their having previously received the Silver Passenger Pigeon Award.
• Special Recognition Award – recognizes the collective efforts of a far-reaching project or partnership that increases the public's awareness and appreciation for birds, their habitats or the need for conservation.

WSO is actively seeking suggestions for award recipients. You can send an e-mail to awards@wsobirds.org to make a suggestion.

Hospitality Award

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